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Akinetes usually develop in strings with each cell differentiating after another and this occurs next to heterocysts if they are present. [1] Development usually occurs during stationary phase and is triggered by unfavorable conditions such as insufficient light or nutrients, temperature, and saline levels in the environment.
Some cells within clonal filaments differentiate into heterocysts (large, round cell, right). Heterocysts abandon oxygen-producing photosynthesis in order to fix nitrogen with the oxygen-sensitive enzyme nitrogenase. Vegetative and heterocyst cells divide labor by exchanging sugars and nitrogen.
Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic cells) are epithelial cells in the stomach that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and body regions of the stomach. [ 1 ]
These cells almost fill the tube and the remaining lumen is continued as a very fine channel. Cells found in the gastric glands include mucous neck cells, chief cells, parietal cells, G cells, and enterochromaffin-like cells (ECLs). The first cells of all of the glands are mucus-secreting foveolar cells that line the gastric pits.
Parietal cells produce potent hydrochloric acid, which damages cells. Gastric chief cells produce pepsinogen, which is activated by the acid to form pepsin. Pepsin is a protease that can digest and damage stomach cells. To prevent these disastrous effects, mucus and bicarbonate ions (HCO 3 −) are secreted by the foveolar cells.
According to Kukushkin, the memories stored in non-brain cells in other parts of the body are memories strictly related to the roles that those specific cells play in human health. Thus, he detailed:
This can be influenced by gas and/or food accumulation in the stomach," explains Yoon. Several conditions can cause bloating, including constipation, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth ...
Because of your brain's connection to the stomach through the Enteric Nervous System and the stomach's involvement in digestion, stress is also a common irritant of the digestive system.