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The most common form of collagen is fibrillary collagen. Another common form is meshwork collagen, which is often involved in the formation of filtration systems. All types of collagen are triple helices, but differ in the make-up of their alpha peptides created in step 2. Below we discuss the formation of fibrillary collagen.
The COL3A1 gene is located on the long (q) arm of chromosome 2 at 2q32.2, between positions 188 974 372 and 189 012 745. The gene has 51 exons and is approximately 40 kbp long. [7] The COL3A1 gene is in tail-to-tail orientation with a gene for another fibrillar collagen, namely COL5A2. [7]
When type XVIII collagen is mutated at the COL18A1 gene, exon 2 in the sequence is skipped, which results in production of an early termination codon in exon 4 of this gene's transcript. This type of mutation particularly affects only one isoform of type XVIII collagen - the short isoform type, while the medium and long isoforms are unaffected. [5]
Type II collagen is the basis for hyaline cartilage, including the articular cartilages at joint surfaces. It is formed by homotrimers of collagen, type II, alpha 1 chains. It makes up 50% of all protein in cartilage and 85–90% of collagen of articular cartilage.
It is a rigid, non-soluble, fibrous protein that adds up to one-third of the proteins in the human body. Collagen is mostly made up of molecules packed together to form long and thin fibrils that support each other and ensure the skin is strong and elastic. [2] Various types of collagens have individual roles and structures.
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related to: collagen how long before results report for free pdf form