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France, Italy, Spain and Cyprus did not participate in the Problem Solving test, which is officially described as 'Problem Solving in technology-rich environments'. The 'No ICT' column includes those who had no computer experience, opted out or failed a basic IT competence test. Cyprus only refers to that part under control of the Republic of ...
Bennett Scale has mostly been applied to analysis on people's cross-cultural sensitivity, but some scholars have expanded its application to organizational communications. Informed by Bennett Scale and Botan 's Five steps in Issue Management model, Radu Dumitrascu developed a new corporate adaption model and follow-up intercultural ...
It is the standard grading scale for language proficiency in the United States's federal-level service. It was originally developed by the Interagency Language Roundtable (ILR), which included representatives of the U.S. Foreign Service Institute , based at the National Foreign Affairs Training Center (NFATC).
The following is a non-exhaustive list of standardized tests that assess a person's language proficiency of a foreign/secondary language. Various types of such exams exist per many languages—some are organized at an international level even through national authoritative organizations, while others simply for specific limited business or study orientation.
The ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines provide a means of assessing the proficiency of a foreign language speaker. It is widely used in schools and universities in the United States [3] and the ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview is the most widely used oral proficiency test in North America. [4] The guidelines are broken up into different proficiency ...
The CEFR's 54 descriptor scales had been reduced to a single scale, i.e. the "Global Scale". This misunderstanding is documented by the use of a six-step staircase to illustrate the competence model suggested by the CEFR. In the CEFR-CV, the descriptor scales are intended to describe context-specific, differentiated competence profiles.
The Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program, or CELPIP (/ ˈ s ɛ l p ɪ p /), is an English language assessment tool which measures listening, reading, writing, and speaking skills. The test is administered by Paragon Testing Enterprises., [ 1 ] a subsidiary of the University of British Columbia (UBC).
The most widely used individual tests of cognitive abilities, such as the current editions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Stanford–Binet Intelligence Scale, [14] report cognitive ability scores as "deviation IQs" with 15 IQ points corresponding to one standard deviation above or below the mean. Stanford–Binet Intelligence ...