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In order to obtain spatial information about the gamma-ray emissions from an imaging subject (e.g. a person's heart muscle cells which have absorbed an intravenous injected radioactive, usually thallium-201 or technetium-99m, medicinal imaging agent) a method of correlating the detected photons with their point of origin is required.
Sodium iodide (NaI) containing a small amount of thallium is used as a scintillator for the detection of gamma waves and zinc sulfide (ZnS) is widely used as a detector of alpha particles. Zinc sulfide is the material Rutherford used to perform his scattering experiment. Lithium iodide (LiI) is used in neutron detectors.
Thallium-201 is synthesized by the neutron activation of stable thallium in a nuclear reactor, [18] [19] or by the 203 Tl(p, 3n) 201 Pb nuclear reaction in cyclotrons, as 201 Pb naturally decays to 201 Tl afterwards. [20] It is a radiopharmaceutical, as it has good imaging characteristics without excessive patient radiation dose.
Myocardial perfusion imaging or scanning (also referred to as MPI or MPS) is a nuclear medicine procedure that illustrates the function of the heart muscle . [ 1 ] It evaluates many heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), [ 2 ] hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart wall motion abnormalities.
Scintigraphy (from Latin scintilla, "spark"), also known as a gamma scan, is a diagnostic test in nuclear medicine, where radioisotopes attached to drugs that travel to a specific organ or tissue (radiopharmaceuticals) are taken internally and the emitted gamma radiation is captured by gamma cameras, which are external detectors that form two-dimensional images [1] in a process similar to the ...
Thallium is found in the minerals crookesite TlCu 7 Se 4, hutchinsonite TlPbAs 5 S 9, and lorándite TlAsS 2. [42] Thallium also occurs as a trace element in iron pyrite, and thallium is extracted as a by-product of roasting this mineral for the production of sulfuric acid. [9] [43] Thallium can also be obtained from the smelting of lead and ...
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Thallium(I) bromide is a chemical compound of thallium and bromine with a chemical formula TlBr. This salt is used in room-temperature detectors of X-rays, gamma-rays and blue light, as well as in near-infrared optics. It is a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.68 eV. [7]