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The official Catholic position, as Eamon Duffy points out in his book Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes, is that Jesus had essentially appointed Peter as the first pope, [8] though the respectful title "pope" (meaning "father") developed at a later time. The New Testament evidence is briefly summarized: [9]
[9] [10] The 4th century Latin Father Jerome, in his epistle to Augustine of Hippo, wrote that "nay more, that Peter was the prime mover in issuing the decree by which this was affirmed," in relation to the Council of Jerusalem, and again, "and to his opinion the Apostle James, and all the elders together, gave consent." [11]
Section of a fresco in the Niccoline Chapel by Fra Angelico, depicting Saint Peter consecrating the Seven Deacons. Saint Stephen is shown kneeling.. The Seven, often known as the Seven Deacons, were leaders elected by the early Christian church to minister to the community of believers in Jerusalem, to enable the Apostles to concentrate on 'prayer and the Ministry of the Word' and to address a ...
The Acts of Peter and the Twelve [1] [2] or the Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles [3] [4] is a Christian text from about the 4th century. [5] It is the first treatise in Codex VI of the Nag Hammadi library texts, [6] [7] taking up pages 1–12 of the codex's 78 pages. [6] The writing extends the Parable of the Pearl from Matthew 13:45–46.
The apocryphal Acts of Peter (2nd cent.) (Vercelli Acts XXXV) [140] is the source for the tradition about the famous Latin phrase "Quo vadis, Domine?" (in Greek: Κύριε, ποῦ ὑπάγεις "Kyrie, pou hypageis?"), which means "Where are you going, Lord?". According to the story, Peter, fleeing Rome to avoid execution meets the risen Jesus.
The first occasion (Luke 9:1–6) is closely based on the "limited commission" mission in Mark 6:6–13, which, however, recounts the sending out of the twelve apostles, rather than seventy, though with similar details. The parallels (also Matthew 9:35, Matthew 10:1, and Matthew 10:5–42) suggest a common origin in the hypothesized Q document.
The Acts of Peter is one of the earliest of the apocryphal Acts of the Apostles in Christianity, dating to the late 2nd century AD. The majority of the text has survived only in the Latin translation of the Codex Vercellensis , under the title Actus Petri cum Simone ("Act of Peter with Simon").
Acts of Peter, second half of the 2nd century in Greek, probably in Asia Minor [15] Acts of Peter and Paul, also known as Passion of Saints Peter and Paul, c. 450–550 in Latin and Greek [16] Acts of Peter and the Twelve, 2nd or 3rd century in Greek and Coptic [17] Acts of Philip, mid-to-late 4th century in Greek; Coptic translations exist [18]