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Where CAI used a behaviourist perspective on learning based on Skinner's theories (Dede & Swigger, 1988), [10] ITS drew from work in cognitive psychology, computer science, and especially artificial intelligence. [10] There was a shift in AI research at this time as systems moved from the logic focus of the previous decade to knowledge based ...
On the other hand, a problem is AI-Hard if and only if there is an AI-Complete problem that is polynomial time Turing-reducible to . This also gives as a consequence the existence of AI-Easy problems, that are solvable in polynomial time by a deterministic Turing machine with an oracle for some problem.
Many software development practices emerged from the agile mindset. These agile-based practices, sometimes called Agile (with a capital A) [4] include requirements, discovery and solutions improvement through the collaborative effort of self-organizing and cross-functional teams with their customer(s)/end user(s). [5] [6]
[8] [9] [10] As such, educational technology refers to all valid and reliable applied education sciences, such as equipment, as well as processes and procedures that are derived from scientific research, and in a given context may refer to theoretical, algorithmic or heuristic processes: it does not necessarily imply physical technology ...
Instructional scaffolding is the support given to a student by an instructor throughout the learning process. This support is specifically tailored to each student; this instructional approach allows students to experience student-centered learning, which tends to facilitate more efficient learning than teacher-centered learning.
This list, the CSCW Handbook Papers, is the result of a citation graph analysis of the CSCW Conference. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It was established in 2006 and reviewed by the CSCW community. This list only contains papers published in one conference; papers published at other venues have also had significant impact on the CSCW community.
In education, authentic learning is an instructional approach that allows students to explore, discuss, and meaningfully construct concepts and relationships in contexts that involve real-world problems and projects that are relevant to the learner. [1]
A teaching method is a set of principles and methods used by teachers to enable student learning.These strategies are determined partly by the subject matter to be taught, partly by the relative expertise of the learners, and partly by constraints caused by the learning environment. [1]