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Pressure-temperature phase diagram of bismuth. T C refers to the superconducting transition temperature. Bismuth is a brittle metal with a dark, silver-pink hue, often with an iridescent oxide tarnish showing many colors from yellow to blue. The spiral, stair-stepped structure of bismuth crystals is the result of a higher growth rate around the ...
The solidus temperature specifies the temperature below which a material is completely solid, [2] and the minimum temperature at which a melt can co-exist with crystals in thermodynamic equilibrium. Liquidus and solidus are mostly used for impure substances (mixtures) such as glasses , metal alloys , ceramics , rocks , and minerals .
Pewter (/ ˈ p juː t ər /) is a malleable metal alloy consisting of tin (85–99%), antimony (approximately 5–10%), copper (2%), bismuth, and sometimes silver. [1] In the past, it was an alloy of tin and lead , but most modern pewter, in order to prevent lead poisoning , is not made with lead.
The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. At the melting point the solid and liquid phase exist in equilibrium. The melting point of a substance depends on pressure and is usually specified at a standard pressure such as 1 atmosphere or 100 kPa.
Bismuth oxide, Bi 2 O 3 has five crystallographic polymorphs. The room temperature phase, α-Bi 2 O 3 has a monoclinic crystal structure. There are three high temperature phases, a tetragonal β-phase, a body-centred cubic γ-phase, a cubic δ-Bi 2 O 3 phase and an ε-phase. The room temperature α-phase has a complex structure with layers of ...
Melting ice cubes illustrate the process of fusion. Melting, or fusion, is a physical process that results in the phase transition of a substance from a solid to a liquid. This occurs when the internal energy of the solid increases, typically by the application of heat or pressure, which increases the substance's temperature to the melting point.
The definition of metal includes: Post-transition metals, i.e. aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, tin, lead, and bismuth. Metalloids, e.g. silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony and tellurium. Homogeneous and heterogeneous solid solutions of metals, and interstitial compounds such as carbides and nitrides are excluded under this definition ...
Indium is used in dental alloys, semiconductor components, nuclear reactor panels, sodium lamps, strengthening factor in lead-based welds and low melting temperature welds. The metal has a body centered tetragonal structure, atomic radius of 1.63 Å, electronegativity of 1.81 and valence of +3 or +5, being the trivalent the more common.