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  2. Tangent lines to circles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_lines_to_circles

    For two of these, the external tangent lines, the circles fall on the same side of the line; for the two others, the internal tangent lines, the circles fall on opposite sides of the line. The external tangent lines intersect in the external homothetic center, whereas the internal tangent lines intersect at the internal homothetic center. Both ...

  3. Tangent circles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_circles

    In geometry, tangent circles (also known as kissing circles) are circles in a common plane that intersect in a single point. There are two types of tangency : internal and external. Many problems and constructions in geometry are related to tangent circles; such problems often have real-life applications such as trilateration and maximizing the ...

  4. Monge's theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monge's_theorem

    Monge's theorem states that the three such points given by the three pairs of circles always lie in a straight line. In the case of two of the circles being of equal size, the two external tangent lines are parallel. In this case Monge's theorem asserts that the other two intersection points must lie on a line parallel to those two external ...

  5. Circle packing theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle_packing_theorem

    A stronger form of the circle packing theorem asserts that any polyhedral graph and its dual graph can be represented by two circle packings, such that the two tangent circles representing a primal graph edge and the two tangent circles representing the dual of the same edge always have their tangencies at right angles to each other at the same ...

  6. Osculating circle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osculating_circle

    The circle S and the curve C have the common tangent line at P, and therefore the common normal line. Close to P, the distance between the points of the curve C and the circle S in the normal direction decays as the cube or a higher power of the distance to P in the tangential direction.

  7. Radical axis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_axis

    The tangent lines must be equal in length for any point on the radical axis: | | = | |. If P, T 1, T 2 lie on a common tangent, then P is the midpoint of ⁠ ¯.. In Euclidean geometry, the radical axis of two non-concentric circles is the set of points whose power with respect to the circles are equal.

  8. Secant line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secant_line

    Common lines and line segments on a circle, including a secant. A straight line can intersect a circle at zero, one, or two points. A line with intersections at two points is called a secant line, at one point a tangent line and at no points an exterior line. A chord is the line segment that joins two distinct points of a circle. A chord is ...

  9. Envelope (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope_(mathematics)

    Geometrically, the graph of v(x) is everywhere tangent to the graph of some member of the family u(x;a). Since the differential equation is first order, it only puts a condition on the tangent plane to the graph, so that any function everywhere tangent to a solution must also be a solution.