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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
The binomial series is therefore sometimes referred to as Newton's binomial theorem. Newton gives no proof and is not explicit about the nature of the series. Later, on 1826 Niels Henrik Abel discussed the subject in a paper published on Crelle's Journal, treating notably questions of convergence. [4]
There are many other combinatorial interpretations of binomial coefficients (counting problems for which the answer is given by a binomial coefficient expression), for instance the number of words formed of n bits (digits 0 or 1) whose sum is k is given by (), while the number of ways to write = + + + where every a i is a nonnegative integer is ...
The binomial approximation for the square root, + + /, can be applied for the following expression, + where and are real but .. The mathematical form for the binomial approximation can be recovered by factoring out the large term and recalling that a square root is the same as a power of one half.
Multinomial coefficient as a product of binomial coefficients, counting the permutations of the letters of MISSISSIPPI. The multinomial coefficient (, …,) is also the number of distinct ways to permute a multiset of n elements, where k i is the multiplicity of each of the i th element. For example, the number of distinct permutations of the ...
The Leibniz rule bears a strong resemblance to the binomial theorem, and in fact the binomial theorem can be proven directly from the Leibniz rule by taking () = and () =, which gives ( a + b ) n e ( a + b ) x = e ( a + b ) x ∑ k = 0 n ( n k ) a n − k b k , {\displaystyle (a+b)^{n}e^{(a+b)x}=e^{(a+b)x}\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\binom {n}{k}}a^{n-k}b ...
A binomial is a polynomial which is the sum of two monomials. A binomial in a single indeterminate (also known as a univariate binomial) can be written in the form , where a and b are numbers, and m and n are distinct non-negative integers and x is a symbol which is called an indeterminate or, for historical reasons, a variable.
In consequence of this definition the binomial theorem can be stated by saying that the sequence {: =,,, …} is of binomial type.; The sequence of "lower factorials" is defined by = () (+). (In the theory of special functions, this same notation denotes upper factorials, but this present usage is universal among combinatorialists.)