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  2. Functional completeness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_completeness

    In digital electronics terminology, the binary NAND gate (↑) and the binary NOR gate (↓) are the only binary universal logic gates. The following are the minimal functionally complete sets of logical connectives with arity ≤ 2: [11] One element {↑}, {↓}. Two elements

  3. NAND logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAND_logic

    A CMOS transistor NAND element. V dd denotes positive voltage.. In CMOS logic, if both of the A and B inputs are high, then both the NMOS transistors (bottom half of the diagram) will conduct, neither of the PMOS transistors (top half) will conduct, and a conductive path will be established between the output and Vss (ground), bringing the output low.

  4. NOR logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOR_logic

    A single NOR gate. A NOR gate or a NOT OR gate is a logic gate which gives a positive output only when both inputs are negative.. Like NAND gates, NOR gates are so-called "universal gates" that can be combined to form any other kind of logic gate.

  5. Logic gate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logic_gate

    A NAND gate is equivalent to an OR gate with negated inputs, and a NOR gate is equivalent to an AND gate with negated inputs. This leads to an alternative set of symbols for basic gates that use the opposite core symbol (AND or OR) but with the inputs and outputs negated. Use of these alternative symbols can make logic circuit diagrams much ...

  6. NAND gate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAND_gate

    In digital electronics, a NAND gate (NOT-AND) is a logic gate which produces an output which is false only if all its inputs are true; thus its output is complement to that of an AND gate. A LOW (0) output results only if all the inputs to the gate are HIGH (1); if any input is LOW (0), a HIGH (1) output results.

  7. XNOR gate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XNOR_gate

    An XNOR gate circuit can be made from four NOR gates. In fact, both NAND and NOR gates are so-called "universal gates" and any logical function can be constructed from either NAND logic or NOR logic alone. If the four NOR gates are replaced by NAND gates, this results in an XOR gate, which can be converted to an XNOR gate by inverting the ...

  8. NOR gate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOR_gate

    In the popular CMOS and TTL logic families, NOR gates with up to 8 inputs are available: CMOS. 4001: Quad 2-input NOR gate; 4025: Triple 3-input NOR gate; 4002: Dual 4-input NOR gate; 4078: Single 8-input NOR gate; TTL. 7402: Quad 2-input NOR gate; 7427: Triple 3-input NOR gate; 7425: Dual 4-input NOR gate (with strobe, obsolete) 74260: Dual 5 ...

  9. XOR gate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR_gate

    In fact, both NAND and NOR gates are so-called "universal gates" and any logical function can be constructed from either NAND logic or NOR logic alone. If the four NAND gates are replaced by NOR gates, this results in an XNOR gate, which can be converted to an XOR gate by inverting the output or one of the inputs (e.g. with a fifth NOR gate).