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  2. Korean phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_phonology

    Korean has 19 consonant phonemes. [1]For each plosive and affricate, there is a three-way contrast between unvoiced segments, which are distinguished as plain, tense, and aspirated.

  3. Phonological change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_change

    In a typological scheme first systematized by Henry M. Hoenigswald in 1965, a historical sound law can only affect a phonological system in one of three ways: . Conditioned merger (which Hoenigswald calls "primary split"), in which some instances of phoneme A become an existing phoneme B; the number of phonemes does not change, only their distribution.

  4. Initial dropping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_dropping

    Initial dropping is a sound change whereby the first consonants of words are dropped. Additionally, stress may shift from the first to the second syllable, and the first vowel may be shortened, reduced, or dropped, which can mean the loss of the entire first syllable of a word.

  5. Vowel length - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vowel_length

    In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration.In some languages vowel length is an important phonemic factor, meaning vowel length can change the meaning of the word, for example in Arabic, Czech, Dravidian languages (such as Tamil), some Finno-Ugric languages (such as Finnish and Estonian), Japanese, Kyrgyz, Samoan ...

  6. Voiceless postalveolar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar...

    A voiceless postalveolar fricative is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages.The International Phonetic Association uses the term voiceless postalveolar fricative only for the sound [ ʃ ], [1] but it also describes the voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative [ɹ̠̊˔], for which there are significant perceptual differences.

  7. International Phonetic Alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Phonetic...

    The official summary chart of the IPA, revised in 2020. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.

  8. English-language vowel changes before historic /l/ - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English-language_vowel...

    This led to the creation of a minimal pair for some speakers: wholly /ˈhɒʊli/ vs. holy /ˈhəʊli/ and thus to phonemicization of the split. The change from /əʊ/ to /ɒʊ/ in derived forms is not fully consistent; for instance, in cockney, polar is pronounced with the /əʊ/ of goat even though it is derived from pole /ˈpɒʊl/ .

  9. Catalan phonology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_phonology

    The Catalan phonology (or Valencian phonology) has a certain degree of dialectal variation.Although there are two standard varieties, one based on Central Eastern dialect and another one based on South-Western or Valencian, this article deals with features of all or most dialects, as well as regional pronunciation differences.