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First generation retinoids are produced naturally in the body and interact with their normal biological counterparts, such as retinol binding protein 4 for retinol, retinoid receptors for all-trans-retinoic acid or 9-cis-retinoic acid. [9] 13-cis retinoic acid has an unknown biological pathway but appears to act as a growth factor. [10]
CRABPs, cellular retinoic acid–binding proteins capable of binding retinol and retinoic acid with high affinity. [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] It has also been characterized that CRABPs are involved in many aspects of the retinoic acid signaling pathway such as the regulation and availability of retinoic acid to nuclear receptors.
Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), is a medication used for the treatment of acne and acute promyelocytic leukemia. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] For acne, it is applied to the skin as a cream, gel or ointment. [ 10 ]
19662 Ensembl ENSG00000138207 ENSMUSG00000024990 UniProt P02753 Q00724 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006744 NM_001323517 NM_001323518 NM_001159487 NM_011255 RefSeq (protein) NP_001310446 NP_001310447 NP_006735 NP_001152959 NP_035385 Location (UCSC) Chr 10: 93.59 – 93.6 Mb Chr 19: 38.11 – 38.11 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Retinol binding protein 4, also known as RBP4, is a ...
Alitretinoin, or 9-cis-retinoic acid, is a form of vitamin A. It is also used in medicine as an antineoplastic (anti-cancer) agent developed by Ligand Pharmaceuticals. It is a first generation retinoid. Ligand gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for alitretinoin in February 1999.
Retinoid receptors are type II nuclear receptors (a class of proteins) that bind to retinoids. When bound to a retinoid, they act as transcription factors , altering the expression of genes with corresponding response elements.
Fenretinide (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide; 4-HPR) is a synthetic retinoid derivative. Retinoids are substances related to vitamin A. It has been investigated for potential use in the treatment of cancer, as well as in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, [1] rheumatoid arthritis, acne, psoriasis, and has been found to also slow the production and accumulation of a toxin that leads to vision loss ...
Retinoic acid suppresses osteoblast activity and stimulates osteoclast formation in vitro, [24] resulting in increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. It is likely to exert this effect by binding to specific nuclear receptors (members of the retinoic acid receptor or retinoid X receptor nuclear transcription family) which are ...