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  2. pandas (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandas_(software)

    Pandas (styled as pandas) is a software library written for the Python programming language for data manipulation and analysis. In particular, it offers data structures and operations for manipulating numerical tables and time series .

  3. Off-by-one error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-by-one_error

    Off-by-one errors are common in using the C library because it is not consistent with respect to whether one needs to subtract 1 byte – functions like fgets() and strncpy will never write past the length given them (fgets() subtracts 1 itself, and only retrieves (length − 1) bytes), whereas others, like strncat will write past the length given them.

  4. Data structure alignment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_structure_alignment

    Likewise, in PL/I a structure may be declared UNALIGNED to eliminate all padding except around bit strings. One use for such "packed" structures is to conserve memory. For example, a structure containing a single byte (such as a char) and a four-byte integer (such as uint32_t) would require three additional bytes of padding.

  5. Pointer (computer programming) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pointer_(computer_programming)

    A basic example is in the argv argument to the main function in C (and C++), which is given in the prototype as char **argv—this is because the variable argv itself is a pointer to an array of strings (an array of arrays), so *argv is a pointer to the 0th string (by convention the name of the program), and **argv is the 0th character of the ...

  6. Open reading frame - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_reading_frame

    orfipy is a tool written in Python / Cython to extract ORFs in an extremely and fast and flexible manner. [22] orfipy can work with plain or gzipped FASTA and FASTQ sequences, and provides several options to fine-tune ORF searches; these include specifying the start and stop codons, reporting partial ORFs, and using custom translation tables ...

  7. Turing machine examples - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_machine_examples

    With regard to what actions the machine actually does, Turing (1936) [2] states the following: "This [example] table (and all succeeding tables of the same kind) is to be understood to mean that for a configuration described in the first two columns the operations in the third column are carried out successively, and the machine then goes over into the m-configuration in the final column."

  8. Travelling salesman problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelling_salesman_problem

    Another related problem is the bottleneck travelling salesman problem: Find a Hamiltonian cycle in a weighted graph with the minimal weight of the weightiest edge. A real-world example is avoiding narrow streets with big buses. [15] The problem is of considerable practical importance, apart from evident transportation and logistics areas.

  9. R (programming language) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R_(programming_language)

    R is a programming language for statistical computing and data visualization.It has been adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics and data analysis. [9]The core R language is augmented by a large number of extension packages, containing reusable code, documentation, and sample data.