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TEN ultimately results in extensive skin involvement with redness, necrosis, and detachment of the top (epidermal) layer of the skin and mucosa.Before these severe findings develop, people often have a flu-like prodrome, with a cough, runny nose, fever, decreased appetite and malaise.
In stage 4, deeper necrosis usually occurs, the fat underneath the skin is completely exposed, and the muscle may also become exposed. In the last two stages the sore may cause a deeper loss of fat and necrosis of the muscle; in severe cases it can extend down to bone level, destruction of the bone may begin, and there may be sepsis of joints.
Necrosis after 5 (a), 20 (b) and 27 (c) days. Residual scar after 83 days (d) Loxoscelism may present with local and whole-body symptoms: Necrotic cutaneous loxoscelism is the medical term for the skin only reaction of loxoscelism. It is characterized by a localized necrotic wound at the site of bite.
It particularly affects the skin around the mouth and distal extremities; but may also be found on the lower abdomen, buttocks, perineum, and groin. It is strongly associated with glucagonoma , a glucagon -producing tumor of the pancreas , but is also seen in a number of other conditions including liver disease and intestinal malabsorption .
Bacterial infection is by far the most common cause of necrotizing fasciitis. Despite being called a "flesh-eating disease", bacteria do not eat human tissue. Rather, they release toxins that cause tissue death. Typically, the infection enters the body through a break in the skin such as a cut or burn. [3]
Ecthyma gangrenosum is a type of skin lesion characterized by vesicles or blisters which rapidly evolve into pustules and necrotic ulcers with undermined tender erythematous border. " Ecthyma " means a pus forming infection of the skin with an ulcer, "gangrenosum" refers to the accompanying gangrene or necrosis.
Genital ulcerations, uveitis, oral aphthous ulcers, and skin lesions are the main symptoms. [20] Cogan's syndrome (CS) is an uncommon type of autoimmune systemic vasculitis that causes inflammation inside the eyes and malfunctions the vestibulo-auditory system, usually resulting in neurosensory deafness but also tinnitus and vertigo. [21]
Effects depend on the substance; hydrogen peroxide removes a bleached layer of skin, while nitric acid causes a characteristic color change to yellow in the skin, and silver nitrate produces noticeable black stains. Chemical burns may occur through direct contact on body surfaces, including skin and eyes, via inhalation, and/or by ingestion.