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Eleven of the 27 members of the 1952 National Executive Committee (NEC) were banned; and by 1955, 42 ANC leaders, including Walter Sisulu, had been banned. [11] During the 1950s, while the ANC intensified its domestic programme of protest action, it also began calling in the international arena for sanctions against the apartheid state.
First Division, shelling from both sides continued during the rest of the day, ending only at nightfall. [46] [47] The peace between the Allies and Germany was subsequently settled in 1919, by the Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles that same year. [citation needed]
This is a timeline of the British home front during the First World War from 1914 to 1918. This conflict was the first modern example of total war in the United Kingdom; innovations included the mobilisation of the workforce, including many women, for munitions production, conscription and rationing.
Front page of The New York Times on 11 November 1918. The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was signed near the French town of Compiègne, between the Allied Powers and Germany—represented by Supreme Allied Commander Ferdinand Foch and civilian politician Matthias Erzberger respectively—with capitulations having already been made separately by Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary.
Opposition to World War I was widespread during the conflict and included socialists, such as anarchists, syndicalists, and Marxists, as well as Christian pacifists, anti-colonial nationalists, feminists, intellectuals, and the working class. The socialist movement had declared before the war their opposition to a war which they said could only ...
By April 1915, just two million rounds of shells had been sent to France; by the end of the war the figure had reached 187 million, [140] and a year's worth of pre-war production of light munitions could be completed in just four days by 1918. Aircraft production in 1914 provided employment for 60,000 men and women; by 1918 British firms ...
Ruth First: Banned 1960 to 1982 (killed in exile by police letter bomb). Ela Gandhi: Banned in 1975. Alcott 'Skei' Gwentshe: Banned November 1952; sentenced to 9 years in prison for violating the banning order, 26 March 1953. Bertha Gxowa: Banned in 1960. [28] Adelaine Hain: Banned in 1963. [29] Viola Hashe: Banned in 1963 until her death in ...
By the end of September, over 10,500 enemy nationals were being held, but between November 1914 and April 1915 few arrests were made and thousands of internees were actually released. Government policy changed significantly when public anti-German hostility, which had been building since the previous October following reports of German ...