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Contour farming is applied in certain European countries such as Belgium, Italy, Greece, Romania, Slovenia, and Spain in areas with higher than 10% slope. [13] P. A. Yeomans' Keyline design system is critical of traditional contour plowing techniques and improves the system through observing normal landforms and topography. At one end of a ...
Random contour plowing also becomes off contour but usually with the opposite effect on runoff, namely causing it to quickly run off ridges and concentrate in valleys. The limitations of the traditional system of soil conservation , with its "safe disposal" approach to farm water , was an important motivation to develop Keyline design.
Contour ploughing orients furrows following the contour lines of the farmed area. Furrows move left and right to maintain a constant altitude, which reduces runoff.Contour plowing was practiced by the ancient Phoenicians for slopes between two and ten percent. [4]
[2] [3]: pp. 4-95–4-96 Common techniques include contour plowing, crop mulching, crop rotation, planting perennial crops and installing riparian buffers. [ 4 ] [ 3 ] : pp. 4-95–4-96 Farmers can also develop and implement nutrient management plans to reduce excess application of nutrients [ 4 ] [ 3 ] : pp. 4-37–4-38 and reduce the ...
Contour strip cropping employs a crop rotation system down a slope to minimize runoff and rain velocity. [1] It is used mainly on gentle slope gradients. The width of protective strips is often higher than that of the row crop strips, so they may effectively intercept runoff.
The practice of no-till farming is a combination of different ideas developed over time, many techniques and principles used in no-till farming are a continuation of traditional market gardening found in various regions like France. [10] A formalized opposition to plowing started in the 1940s with Edward H. Faulkner, author of Plowman's Folly. [11]
Common techniques include contour plowing, crop mulching, crop rotation, planting perennial crops or installing riparian buffers. [ 21 ] : pp. 4-95–4-96 [ 39 ] [ 40 ] Conservation tillage is a concept used to reduce runoff while planting a new crop.
Additionally, agronomists develop methods to preserve soil and decrease the effects of [erosion] by wind and water. For example, a technique known as contour plowing may be used to prevent soil erosion and conserve rainfall. Researchers of agronomy also seek ways to use the soil more effectively for solving other problems.