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A silt fence on a construction site.. Geotextiles and related products have many applications and currently support many civil engineering applications including roads, airfields, railroads, embankments, retaining structures, reservoirs, canals, dams, bank protection, coastal engineering and construction site silt fences or to form a geotextile tube.
Bitumen emulsion applied to polypropylene geotextiles was reported to have been used in a Nevada heap leach mining installation as early as 1973. Published literature describing the modern development of the bituminous geomembrane can be traced back to the first double-liner system conceived of in 1974 by geosynthetics pioneer, J.P. Giroud .
Geomembrane installation as part of the construction of a base liner system of a landfill [2] Geomembranes have been used in the following environmental, geotechnical, hydraulic, transportation, and private development applications: As liners for potable water; As liners for reserve water (e.g., safe shutdown of nuclear facilities)
Separation is the placement of a flexible geosynthetic material, like a porous geotextile, between dissimilar materials so that the integrity and functioning of both materials can remain intact or even be improved. Paved roads, unpaved roads, and railroad bases are common applications.
Material: Bentonite clay, adhesives, geotextiles and/or geomembranes: Native soils or blends of soil and bentonite clay Construction: Factory manufactured and then installed in the field: Construction and/or amended in the field Thickness ~ 6 mm: 300 to 900 mm Hydraulic conductivity of clay [6] 10 −10 to 10 −12 m/s: 10 −9 to 10 −10 m/s
For example, the Dutch standard for the Use of Reinforcement Geosynthetics in Roadways [33] covers geocell (as well as geogrid) applications, support mechanisms, and design principles. It also emphasizes the importance of the geocell material attributes (stiffness and creep resistance) and how they influence long-term reinforcement factors.