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In geology, accretion is a process by which material is added to a tectonic plate at a subduction zone, frequently on the edge of existing continental landmasses. The added material may be sediment, volcanic arcs , seamounts , oceanic crust or other igneous features.
Diagram of accretion and erosion of sediments in a coastal system. Black arrows indicate accretion, and white arrows indicate erosion. Sedimentary budgets are a coastal management tool used to analyze and describe the different sediment inputs (sources) and outputs (sinks) on the coasts, which is used to predict morphological change in any particular coastline over time.
A classic example is the Coast Range ophiolite of California, which is one of the most extensive ophiolite terranes in North America. This oceanic crust likely formed during the middle Jurassic Period, roughly 170 million years ago, in an extensional regime within either a back-arc or a forearc basin.
Geodynamics is a subfield of geophysics dealing with dynamics of the Earth.It applies physics, chemistry and mathematics to the understanding of how mantle convection leads to plate tectonics and geologic phenomena such as seafloor spreading, mountain building, volcanoes, earthquakes, faulting.
In geology, epeirogenic movement (from Greek epeiros, land, and genesis, birth) is upheavals or depressions of land exhibiting long wavelengths and little folding apart from broad undulations. [1] The broad central parts of continents are called cratons, and are subject to epeirogeny. [2]
The first is by frontal accretion, in which sediments are scraped off the downgoing plate and emplaced at the front of the accretionary prism. [2] As the accretionary wedge grows, older sediments further from the trench become increasingly lithified , and faults and other structural features are steepened by rotation towards the trench. [ 27 ]
Accretion (coastal management), the process where coastal sediments return to the visible portion of the beach following storm erosion; Accretion (geology), the increase in size of a tectonic plate by addition of material along a convergent boundary; Accretionary wedge