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In comparison with black powder, BPN burns significantly hotter and leaves more of solid residues, therefore black powder is favored for multiple-use systems. BPN's high temperature makes it suitable for uses where rapid and reproducible initiation is critical, e.g. for airbags, rocket engines, and decoy flares. It is however relatively expensive.
A resistor is an electrical component which converts electrical energy into heat. Therefore, the thrust of a resistojet engine can be regulated by simply altering the wattage flowing through the resistor. Heating a fluid by 300 °C in such a way results in a 41% increase in specific impulse.
RS-68 being tested at NASA's Stennis Space Center Viking 5C rocket engine used on Ariane 1 through Ariane 4. A rocket engine is a reaction engine, producing thrust in accordance with Newton's third law by ejecting reaction mass rearward, usually a high-speed jet of high-temperature gas produced by the combustion of rocket propellants stored inside the rocket.
Engine Origin Designer Vehicle Status Use Propellant Power cycle Specific impulse (s) [a] Thrust (N) [a] Chamber pressure (bar) Mass (kg) Thrust: weight ratio [b] Oxidiser: fuel ratio
Gas turbine engines (including jet engines) use capacitor discharge ignition, [citation needed] however the ignition system is only used at startup or when the combustor(s) flame goes out. The ignition system in a rocket engine is critical to avoiding a hard start or explosion.
Under the agreement, Boeing develops the LOX and LH 2 turbopumps and the nozzle, while MHI develops the thrust chamber assembly (TCA), control systems, gimbal bearing, heat exchanger, and ducts. The TCA of the engine consists of the main combustion chamber, the regeneratively cooled portion of the nozzle, the injector, and the ignition system. [2]
Most designs of liquid rocket engines are throttleable for variable thrust operation. Some allow control of the propellant mixture ratio (ratio at which oxidizer and fuel are mixed). Some can be shut down and, with a suitable ignition system or self-igniting propellant, restarted. Hybrid rockets apply a liquid or gaseous oxidizer to a solid fuel.
Ullage engine on the side of Saturn V third stage Three sets of ullage motors are shown in this schematic of the Saturn V rocket. The Agena-A was one of the first vehicles to make use of an ullage system in preparation for ignition after separating from its Thor booster. [2]