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The Penal Code is a codification of criminal law and the pivotal legal text, while supplementary laws contain provisions affecting criminal law, such as definitions of new types of crime and law enforcement action. The StGB constitutes the legal basis of criminal law in Germany.
The general principles of criminal law under the Strafgesetzbuch (German penal code) remain applicable, unless otherwise provided (§ 2). As a novelty under German criminal law, provisions on superior responsibility are established (§§ 4, 13, 14).
German criminal law also knows the offence of felony murder (intentional killing during the course of a crime, e.g. robbery, kidnapping or sexual assault) which also carries a life sentence. Felony murder falls into the third group of aggravating circumstances (§ 211 II 3 Group: "in order to commit or to cover up another crime").
Nevertheless, the severability clause did not detract from the Carolina's unification of the legal system and its reformatory effect on criminal law was indisputable. Further historical importance of the Constitutio Criminalis Carolina arises from the fact that this was the first adoption of the canonical Italian legal institute of the ...
Criminal law is a matter of federal law in Germany. The main source of law here is the German Penal Code promulgated in 1871. Minors under 14 years old cannot be held liable for crimes in court; however, for minors between 14-18 years of age and in case of missing maturity under the age of 21, there are special juvenile courts and some ...
The criminal divisions of the Federal Court of Justice primarily deal with appeals on points of law (Revision). In Germany, criminal cases involving lesser offenses are decided in the first instance by a district court (Amtsgericht), while more serious offenses are initially decided by panels of regional courts (Landgerichte) or, in few cases ...
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In the UK, incitement to ethnic or racial hatred is a criminal offense under Sections 17–29 of the Public Order Act 1986. In Ireland, the corresponding law is the Prohibition of Incitement to Hatred Act. A similar law exists in Sweden as hets mot folkgrupp ("agitation against a population group"), second section 16th chapter 8§ of the ...