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In software development, frontend refers to the presentation layer that users interact with, while backend involves the data management and processing behind the scenes. In the client–server model, the client is usually considered the frontend, handling user-facing tasks, and the server is the backend, managing data and logic.
Cost estimation in software engineering is typically concerned with the financial spend on the effort to develop and test the software, this can also include requirements review, maintenance, training, managing and buying extra equipment, servers and software. Many methods have been developed for estimating software costs for a given project.
Back end (computing), the data access layer in software architecture; Back-end CASE; Back-end database, a database accessed indirectly through an external application; Back-end processor, hardware that stores and retrieves data from a database
Use case points (UCP or UCPs) is a software estimation technique used to forecast the software size for software development projects. UCP is used when the Unified Modeling Language (UML) and Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodologies are being used for the software design and development.
ENIAC—Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer; EOF—End of File; EOL—End of Life; EOL—End of Line; EOM—End of Message; EOS—End of Support; EPIC—Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing; EPROM—Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory; ERD—Entity–Relationship Diagram; ERM—Entity–Relationship Model; ERP—Enterprise ...
Formal estimation model: The quantification step is based on mechanical processes, e.g., the use of a formula derived from historical data. Combination-based estimation: The quantification step is based on a judgmental and mechanical combination of estimates from different sources. Below are examples of estimation approaches within each category.
A back-end database is a database that is accessed by users indirectly through an external application rather than by application programming stored within the database itself or by low level manipulation of the data (e.g. through SQL commands).
The compiler could be viewed as a front end to deal with the analysis of the source code and a back end to synthesize the analysis into the target code. Optimization between the front end and back end could produce more efficient target code. [17] Some early milestones in the development of compiler technology: