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Drug-induced comas are used to protect the brain during major neurosurgery, as a last line of treatment in certain cases of status epilepticus that have not responded to other treatments, [2] and in refractory intracranial hypertension following traumatic brain injury. [1] Induced coma usually results in significant systemic adverse effects.
Drug-induced amnesia is amnesia caused by drugs. Amnesia may be therapeutic for medical treatment or for medical procedures, or it may be a side-effect of a drug, such as alcohol, or certain medications for psychiatric disorders, such as benzodiazepines. [1] It is seen also with slow acting parenteral general anaesthetics. [citation needed]
Etifoxine, sold under the trade name Stresam among others, is a nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic agent, primarily indicated for short-term management of adjustment disorder, specifically instances of situational depression accompanied by anxiety, such as stress-induced anxiety. [2] [6] Administration is by mouth. [7]
Various drugs are used to achieve unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, loss of reflexes of the autonomic nervous system, and in some cases paralysis of skeletal muscles. The best combination of anaesthetics for a given patient and procedure is chosen by an anaesthetist or other specialist in consultation with the patient and the surgeon or ...
The various benzodiazepines differ in their toxicity; temazepam appears most toxic in overdose and when used with other drugs. [172] [173] The symptoms of a benzodiazepine overdose may include; drowsiness, slurred speech, nystagmus, hypotension, ataxia, coma, respiratory depression, and cardiorespiratory arrest. [170]
Twilight anesthesia is an anesthetic technique where a mild dose of sedation is applied to induce anxiolysis (anxiety relief), hypnosis, and anterograde amnesia (inability to form new memories). The patient is not unconscious, but sedated.
Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia, premedication before surgical anesthesia, and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. [12] It induces sleepiness, decreases anxiety, and causes anterograde amnesia. [12]
Nitrazepam, sold under the brand name Mogadon among others, [2] [3] is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia. [4] It also has sedative (calming) properties, [5] as well as amnestic (inducing forgetfulness), anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant effects.