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A sculpture representing Ethos outside the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly in Canberra, Australia. Ethos (/ ˈ iː θ ɒ s / or US: / ˈ iː θ oʊ s /) is a Greek word meaning 'character' that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology; and the balance between caution and passion. [1]
In some cases, downplaying the ethos can be done while emphasizing pathos, for example as William Jennings Bryan did in his Cross of Gold speech: I would be presumptuous, indeed, to present myself against the distinguished gentlemen to whom you have listened if this were but a measuring of ability; but this is not a contest among persons.
Book II gives advice for all types of speeches. Aristotle's Rhetoric generally concentrates on ethos and pathos, and—as noted by Aristotle—both affect judgment. Aristotle refers to the effect of ethos and pathos on an audience since a speaker needs to exhibit these modes of persuasion.
It involves choices in tone, style, and language to persuade, inform, entertain, or engage the audience. Rhetorical stance can include elements such as the use of ethos (establishing credibility), pathos (appealing to emotions), and logos (logical reasoning) to shape the overall impact of a communication. [2] [3]
The "American Dream" is a phrase referring to a purported national ethos of the United States: that every person has the freedom and opportunity to succeed and attain a better life. [1] The phrase was popularized by James Truslow Adams during the Great Depression in 1931, [ 2 ] and has had different meanings over time.
For example, this type of advertising is exemplified in large food brands such as Presidents Choice's "Eat Together" campaign (2017), and Coca-Cola's "Open-happiness" campaign (2009). One of the most well-known examples of pathos in advertising is the SPCA commercials with pictures of stray dogs with sad music.
Ethopoeia, derived from the Greek ethos (character) and poeia (representation), is the ability to capture the ideas, words, and style of delivery suited to the person for whom an address is written. It also involves adapting a speech to the exact conditions under which it is to be spoken.
Since the time of Aristotle, logic has changed. For example, modal logic has undergone a major development that also modifies rhetoric. [13] The contemporary neo-Aristotelian and neo-Sophistic positions on rhetoric mirror the division between the Sophists and Aristotle. Neo-Aristotelians generally study rhetoric as political discourse, while ...