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Magnetic declination. Angle on the horizontal plane between magnetic north and true north. Example of magnetic declination showing a compass needle with a "positive" (or "easterly") variation from geographic north. N g is geographic or true north, N m is magnetic north, and δ is magnetic declination. Magnetic declination (also called magnetic ...
Isoclinic lines for the year 2020. Magnetic dip results from the tendency of a magnet to align itself with lines of magnetic field. As Earth's magnetic field lines are not parallel to the surface, the north end of a compass needle will point upward in the Southern Hemisphere (negative dip) or downward in the Northern Hemisphere (positive dip).
World Magnetic Model. Magnetic declination map at sea-level for the year 2010 derived from WMM2010. The World Magnetic Model (WMM) is a large spatial-scale representation of the Earth's magnetic field. It was developed jointly by the US National Geophysical Data Center and the British Geological Survey. The data and updates are issued by the US ...
Magnetic declination from true north in 2000. Historically, the magnetic compass was an important tool for navigation. While it has been widely replaced by Global Positioning Systems, many airplanes and ships still carry them, as do casual boaters and hikers. [27] The direction in which a compass needle points is known as magnetic north.
Magnetic variation (also known as magnetic declination) is different depending on the geographic position on the globe. The Magnetic North Pole is currently in Northern Canada and is moving generally south. A straight line can be drawn from the Geographic North Pole, down to the Magnetic North Pole and then continued straight down to the equator.
The first is magnetic declination or variation—the angular difference between magnetic North (the local direction of the Earth's magnetic field) and true North. [1] The second is magnetic deviation —the angular difference between magnetic North and the compass needle due to nearby sources of interference such as magnetically permeable ...
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Standard model of the structure of Earth's magnetic field. The International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) is a standard mathematical description of the large-scale structure of the Earth's main magnetic field and its secular variation. It was created by fitting parameters of a mathematical model of the magnetic field to measured magnetic ...