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  2. Mathematical proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_proof

    The definition of a formal proof is intended to capture the concept of proofs as written in the practice of mathematics. The soundness of this definition amounts to the belief that a published proof can, in principle, be converted into a formal proof. However, outside the field of automated proof assistants, this is rarely done in practice.

  3. Multiplication theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication_theorem

    In mathematics, the multiplication theorem is a certain type of identity obeyed by many special functions related to the gamma function.For the explicit case of the gamma function, the identity is a product of values; thus the name.

  4. Self-verifying theories - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-verifying_theories

    Here, one cannot prove the sentence expressing totality of multiplication: (,) (,,). where is the three-place predicate which stands for / =. When the operations are expressed in this way, provability of a given sentence can be encoded as an arithmetic sentence describing termination of an analytic tableau .

  5. Theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theorem

    The Pythagorean theorem has at least 370 known proofs. [1]In mathematics and formal logic, a theorem is a statement that has been proven, or can be proven. [a] [2] [3] The proof of a theorem is a logical argument that uses the inference rules of a deductive system to establish that the theorem is a logical consequence of the axioms and previously proved theorems.

  6. Direct proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_proof

    The earliest form of mathematics was phenomenological. For example, if someone could draw a reasonable picture, or give a convincing description, then that met all the criteria for something to be described as a mathematical “fact”. On occasion, analogical arguments took place, or even by “invoking the gods”. The idea that mathematical ...

  7. Proof theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_theory

    Reverse mathematics is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. [5] The field was founded by Harvey Friedman . Its defining method can be described as "going backwards from the theorems to the axioms ", in contrast to the ordinary mathematical practice of deriving ...

  8. Reverse mathematics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_mathematics

    Reverse mathematics is a program in mathematical logic that seeks to determine which axioms are required to prove theorems of mathematics. Its defining method can briefly be described as "going backwards from the theorems to the axioms ", in contrast to the ordinary mathematical practice of deriving theorems from axioms.

  9. Glossary of number theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_number_theory

    Factorization is the process of splitting a mathematical object, often integers or polynomials, into a product of factors. Fermat's last theorem Fermat's last theorem, one of the most famous and difficult to prove theorems in number theory, states that for any integer n > 2, the equation a n + b n = c n has no positive integer solutions.