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In the 3rd century, Western Europe started to be invaded by Germanic tribes from the north and the east, and some of the groups settled in Gaul.In the history of the French language, the most important groups are the Franks in northern France, the Alemanni in the modern German/French border area (), the Burgundians in the Rhône (and the Saone) Valley and the Visigoths in the Aquitaine region ...
Modern French also had lost the class of rather unpredictable -ier verbs (resulting from ejection of /j/ into the infinitive suffix -āre, which still exists in some langues d'oïl), having been replaced by simple -er verbs plus -i instead, as in manier, but Old French laissier → laisser.
Spelling and punctuation before the 16th century was highly erratic, but the introduction of printing in 1470 provoked the need for uniformity.. Several Renaissance humanists (working with publishers) proposed reforms in French orthography, the most famous being Jacques Peletier du Mans who developed a phonemic-based spelling system and introduced new typographic signs (1550).
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
The modern era of French education began in the 1790s. The Revolution in the 1790s abolished the traditional universities. [68] Napoleon sought to replace them with new institutions, the École Polytechnique, focused on technology. [69] The elementary schools received little attention.
The period is marked by a heavy superstrate influence from the Germanic Frankish language, which non-exhaustively included the use in upper-class speech and higher registers of V2 word order, [45] a large percentage of the vocabulary (now at around 15% of modern French vocabulary [46]) including the impersonal singular pronoun on (a calque of ...
Voltaire Rousseau. 18th-century French literature is French literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798, the year of the coup d'État of Bonaparte which brought the Consulate to power, concluded the French Revolution, and began the modern era of French history.
The 16th century in France was a remarkable period of literary creation (the language of this period is called Middle French).The use of the printing press (aiding the diffusion of works by ancient Latin and Greek authors; the printing press was introduced in 1470 in Paris, and in 1473 in Lyon), the development of Renaissance humanism and Neoplatonism, and the discovery (through the wars in ...