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Lead perchlorate trihydrate is produced by the reaction of lead(II) oxide, lead carbonate, or lead nitrate by perchloric acid: . Pb(NO 3) 2 + HClO 4 → Pb(ClO 4) 2 + HNO 3. The excess perchloric acid was removed by first heating the solution to 125 °C, then heating it under moist air at 160 °C to remove the perchloric acid by converting the acid to the dihydrate.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Pb 2 (OH) 2 (NO 3) 2 is the predominant species formed at low pH. At higher pH Pb 6 (OH) 5 (NO 3) is formed. [17] The cation [Pb 6 O(OH) 6] 4+ is unusual in having an oxide ion inside a cluster of 3 face-sharing PbO 4 tetrahedra. [18] There is no evidence for the formation of the hydroxide, Pb(OH) 2, in aqueous solution below pH 12.
Chlorate is the common name of the ClO − 3 anion, whose chlorine atom is in the +5 oxidation state.The term can also refer to chemical compounds containing this anion, with chlorates being the salts of chloric acid.
Chlorine nitrate, with chemical formula ClONO 2 is an important atmospheric gas present in the stratosphere. It is an important sink of reactive chlorine and nitrogen, and thus its formation and destruction play an important role in the depletion of ozone.
It is a yellow, oily liquid which is stable below 0 °C, and decomposes at 50 °C. [2] It has a tetrahedral configuration , with lead as the central atom. The Pb– Cl covalent bonds have been measured to be 247 pm and the bond energy is 243 kJ⋅mol −1 .
A polar molecule has a net dipole as a result of the opposing charges (i.e. having partial positive and partial negative charges) from polar bonds arranged asymmetrically. Water (H 2 O) is an example of a polar molecule since it has a slight positive charge on one side and a slight negative charge on the other. The dipoles do not cancel out ...
The temperature of liquid nitrogen can readily be reduced to its freezing point −210 °C (−346 °F; 63 K) by placing it in a vacuum chamber pumped by a vacuum pump. [2] Liquid nitrogen's efficiency as a coolant is limited by the fact that it boils immediately on contact with a warmer object, enveloping the object in an insulating layer of ...