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Time-Temperature-Transformation diagram for two steels: one with 0.4% wt. C (red line) and one with 0.4% wt. C and 2% weight Mn (green line). P = pearlite, B = bainite and M = martensite. Isothermal transformation diagrams (also known as time-temperature-transformation ( TTT ) diagrams ) are plots of temperature versus time (usually on a ...
[1] [3] Commercial use of bainitic steel thus came about as a result of the development of new heat-treating methods, with those that involve a step in which the workpiece is held at a fixed temperature for a period of time sufficient to allow transformation becoming collectively known as austempering.
English: TTT diagram of the isothermal transformations of a hypoeutectoid carbon steel, together with its relationship with the Fe-C phase diagram of carbon steels. Without exact values, only for educational purposes.
Time-temperature transformation (TTT) diagram for steel. The red curves represent different cooling rates (velocity) when cooled from the upper critical (A3) temperature. V1 (quenching) produces martensite. V2 (normalizing) produces both pearlite and martensite, V3 (annealing) produces bainite mixed with pearlite.
Type 2: This is the plot beginning with the transformation start point, cooling with specific transformation fraction and ending with a transformation finish temperature for all products against cooling rate or bar diameter of the specimen for each type of cooling medium.. TTT diagram for constant cooling rate transformations of steel.
TWIP steels have mostly high content in Mn (above 20% in weight %) and small additions of elements such C (<1 wt.%), Si (<3 wt.%), or Al (<3 wt.%). The steels have low stacking fault energy (between 20 and 40 mJ/m 2) at room temperature. Although the details of the mechanisms controlling strain-hardening in TWIP steels are still unclear, the ...
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Bainite is a plate-like microstructure that forms in steels at temperatures of 125–550 °C (depending on alloy content). [1] First described by E. S. Davenport and Edgar Bain, [2] [3] it is one of the products that may form when austenite (the face-centered cubic crystal structure of iron) is cooled past a temperature where it is no longer thermodynamically stable with respect to ferrite ...