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  2. Robertson–Seymour theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RobertsonSeymour_theorem

    The RobertsonSeymour theorem states that finite undirected graphs and graph minors form a well-quasi-ordering. The graph minor relationship does not contain any infinite descending chain, because each contraction or deletion reduces the number of edges and vertices of the graph (a non-negative integer). [8]

  3. Graph minor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_minor

    An edge contraction is an operation that removes an edge from a graph while simultaneously merging the two vertices it used to connect. An undirected graph H is a minor of another undirected graph G if a graph isomorphic to H can be obtained from G by contracting some edges, deleting some edges, and deleting some isolated vertices.

  4. Graph structure theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph_structure_theorem

    A minor of a graph G is any graph H that is isomorphic to a graph that can be obtained from a subgraph of G by contracting some edges. If G does not have a graph H as a minor, then we say that G is H-free. Let H be a fixed graph. Intuitively, if G is a huge H-free graph, then there ought to be a "good reason" for this.

  5. Friedman's SSCG function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedman's_SSCG_function

    In mathematics, a simple subcubic graph (SSCG) is a finite simple graph in which each vertex has a degree of at most three. Suppose we have a sequence of simple subcubic graphs G 1, G 2, ... such that each graph G i has at most i + k vertices (for some integer k) and for no i < j is G i homeomorphically embeddable into (i.e. is a graph minor of) G j.

  6. Neil Robertson (mathematician) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil_Robertson_(mathematician)

    In 1993, with Seymour and Robin Thomas, Robertson proved the -free case for which the Hadwiger conjecture relating graph coloring to graph minors is known to be true. [ 8 ] In 1996, Robertson, Seymour, Thomas, and Daniel P. Sanders published a new proof of the four color theorem , [ 9 ] confirming the Appel–Haken proof which until then had ...

  7. Forbidden graph characterization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbidden_graph...

    Graph minor Wagner's theorem: Outerplanar graphs: K 4 and K 2,3: Graph minor Diestel (2000), [1] p. 107: Outer 1-planar graphs: Six forbidden minors Graph minor Auer et al. (2013) [2] Graphs of fixed genus: A finite obstruction set Graph minor Diestel (2000), [1] p. 275: Apex graphs: A finite obstruction set Graph minor [3] Linklessly ...

  8. Linkless embedding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkless_embedding

    Algorithmically, the problem of recognizing linkless and flat embeddable graphs was settled once the forbidden minor characterization was proven: an algorithm of Robertson & Seymour (1995) can be used to test in polynomial time whether a given graph contains any of the seven forbidden minors. [18]

  9. Pathwidth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathwidth

    If a family F of graphs is closed under taking minors (every minor of a member of F is also in F), then by the RobertsonSeymour theorem F can be characterized as the graphs that do not have any minor in X, where X is a finite set of forbidden minors. [42]