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In computer science and in mathematics, abstraction model checking is a form of model checking for systems where an actual representation is too complex in developing the model alone. So, the design undergoes a kind of translation to scaled down "abstract" version.
A blockchain has been described as a value-exchange protocol. [25] A blockchain can maintain title rights because, when properly set up to detail the exchange agreement, it provides a record that compels offer and acceptance. [citation needed] Logically, a blockchain can be seen as consisting of several layers: [26] infrastructure (hardware)
Abstract/Constructive Cryptography [6] [7] is a more recent general-purpose model for the composable analysis of cryptographic protocols. The GNUC and IITM model are reformulations of universal composability by other researcher (prominently, Victor Shoup and Ralf Kuesters) that influenced new versions of the canonical model by Ran Canetti.
In mathematical logic, abstract model theory is a generalization of model theory that studies the general properties of extensions of first-order logic and their models. [ 1 ] Abstract model theory provides an approach that allows us to step back and study a wide range of logics and their relationships. [ 2 ]
His 1982 dissertation "Computer Systems Established, Maintained, and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups" is the first known proposal for a blockchain protocol. [1] Complete with the code to implement the protocol, Chaum's dissertation proposed all but one element of the blockchain later detailed in the Bitcoin whitepaper .
Lindström's theorem is perhaps the best known result of what later became known as abstract model theory, [3] the basic notion of which is an abstract logic; [4] the more general notion of an institution was later introduced, which advances from a set-theoretical notion of model to a category-theoretical one. [5]
A formal definition of zero-knowledge must use some computational model, the most common one being that of a Turing machine. Let P , V , and S be Turing machines. An interactive proof system with ( P , V ) for a language L is zero-knowledge if for any probabilistic polynomial time (PPT) verifier V ^ {\displaystyle {\hat {V}}} there exists a PPT ...
Originally developed in 2019 by Microsoft [2] under the name Coco and later rebranded to Confidential Consortium Framework (CCF), it is an open-source framework for developing of a new category of performant applications that focuses on the optimization of secure multi-party computation and data availability.