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The free skating segment of figure skating, also called the free skate and the long program, is the second of two segments of competitions, skated after the short program. Its duration, across all disciplines, is four minutes for senior skaters and teams, and three and one-half minutes for junior skaters and teams.
Figure Skating, H.E. Vandervell and T. Maxwell Witham (1869), the first book to refer to the sport of "figure skating". [198] Spuren auf dem Eise (Tracings on the Ice), 1881. Written by three members of the Vienna Skating Club, it described the Viennese style of skating and was the most extensive technical book about figure skating published up ...
The Viennese style of figure skating, as described by Max Wirth's book in 1881, described connecting figures, which ultimately led to modern free skating programs. [ 17 ] In 1868, the American Skating Congress, precursor to U.S. Figure Skating , adopted a series of movements used during competitions between skaters from the U.S. and Canada.
The ISU Judging System (IJS) is the scoring system that has been used since 2003 to judge the figure skating disciplines of men's and women's singles, pair skating, and ice dance. It was designed and implemented by the International Skating Union (ISU), the ruling body of the sport, and is used in all international competitions sanctioned by ...
The first international figure skating competition was in Vienna in 1882. [6] [7] Skaters were required to perform 23 compulsory figures, as well as a four-minute free skating program, and a section called "special figures", in which they had to perform moves or combinations of moves that highlighted their advanced skills. [8]
Special figures have had a modern renaissance with the founding of the World Figure Sport Society in 2015 and the World Figure & Fancy Skating Championships & Festival on black ice. [2] Special figures are now being competed at the World Figure & Fancy Skating Championships by skating artists including the Maltese Cross, the Swiss S, the Winged ...
The World Figure Skating Championships have been cancelled 16 times in the competition's history: from 1915 through 1921 due to World War I; from 1940 through 1946 due to World War II; [8] in 1961 as a result of the loss of the entire U.S. Figure Skating team in the crash of Sabena Flight 548; and in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
[1] [4] When executing the sit spin, a skater's back should be straight and not curved, their hips should be lower than the skating knee, and their free leg should be straight. [3] The best sit spin position minimizes the moment of inertia and keeps the heaviest parts of the body as close to the vertical center of gravity as possible.