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A drum hoist (steel wire rope visible) and motor. In underground mining a hoist or winder [1] is used to raise and lower conveyances within the mine shaft.Modern hoists are normally powered using electric motors, historically with direct current drives utilizing Ward Leonard control machines and later solid-state converters (), although modern large hoists use alternating current drives that ...
Mine shafts are vertical or near-vertical tunnels, which are "sunk" as a means of accessing an underground ore body, during the development of an underground mine.. The shape (in plan view), dimensions and depth of mine shafts vary greatly in response to the specific needs of the mine they are part of and the geology they are sunk through.
Opencast coal mining recovers a greater proportion of the coal deposit than underground methods, as more of the coal seams in the strata may be exploited. This equipment can include the following: Draglines which operate by removing the overburden, power shovels, large trucks in which transport overburden and coal, bucket wheel excavators, and ...
Longwall mining is a form of underground coal mining where a long wall of coal is mined in a single slice (typically 0.6–6.0 m (2 ft 0 in – 19 ft 8 in) thick). The section of rock that is being mined, known as the longwall panel, is typically 3–4 km (1.9–2.5 mi) long, but can be up to 7.5 km (4.7 mi) long and 250–400 m (820–1,310 ft) wide.
Face or coal face. The coal face is the place where coal is cut from the coal seam either manually by hewers or mechanically by machine. [6] Firedamp. Firedamp is explosive, flammable gas consisting predominantly of methane. [1] Fitter. A fitter is a worker responsible for the maintenance of underground machinery. Furnace, furnace pit
Headframe of the #1 Shaft at Oyuu Tolgoi. A steel headframe is less expensive than a concrete headframe; the tallest steel headframe measures 87 m. [4] Steel headframes are more adaptable to modifications (making any construction errors easier to remedy), and are considerably lighter, requiring less substantial foundations.
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