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Hexokinase IV (Glucokinase), also occurs in the liver and would be capable of phosphorylating fructose to fructose 6-phosphate (an intermediate in the gluconeogenic pathway); however, it has a relatively high Km (12 mM) for fructose and, therefore, essentially all of the fructose is converted to fructose-1-phosphate in the human liver.
[35] [58] Furthermore, high fructose consumption promotes fat accumulation in the liver by stimulating de novo lipogenesis in the liver and reducing the beta-oxidation of fat. [20] Unlike the sugar glucose, the enzyme fructokinase rapidly metabolizes fructose. This leads to a decreased level of intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP). [20]
The reduction of adipose tissue de novo lipogenesis, and the increase in liver de novo lipogenesis due to obesity and insulin resistance leads to fatty liver disease. Fructose consumption (in contrast to glucose) activates both SREBP-1c and ChREBP in an insulin independent manner. [8] Although glucose can be converted into glycogen in the liver ...
Research has also linked high fructose consumption, a type of sugar commonly found in sodas, to increased visceral fat levels. ... beverages for this reason. For example, according to the USDA, a ...
Lipogenesis is the process of synthesizing these fats. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The majority of lipids found in the human body from ingesting food are triglycerides and cholesterol . [ 4 ] Other types of lipids found in the body are fatty acids and membrane lipids .
“Start your next chili with lean ground turkey in place of ground beef to reduce saturated fat,” says Maggie Moon, registered dietitian and author of The MIND Diet: 2nd Edition.