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Children with persistent gender dysphoria are characterized by more extreme gender dysphoria in childhood than children with desisting gender dysphoria. [1] Some (but not all) gender variant youth will want or need to transition, which may involve social transition (changing dress, name, pronoun), and, for older youth and adolescents, medical transition (hormone therapy or surgery).
The DSM-5 gives a gender dysphoria prevalence of 0.005% to 0.014% of people assigned male at birth (5-14 per 100k) and 0.002% to 0.003% of people assigned female at birth (2-3 per 100k). [92] The DSM-5 states that these numbers are likely underestimates, being based on the number of referrals to specialty clinics. [92]
Gender identity disorder is classified as a medical disorder by the ICD-10 CM and DSM-5 (called gender dysphoria). Many transgender people and researchers support declassification of GID because they say the diagnosis pathologizes gender variance , reinforces the binary model of gender , and can result in stigmatization of transgender individuals.
DSM-IV's gender identity disorder is similar to, but not the same as, gender dysphoria in DSM-5. Separate criteria for children, adolescents and adults that are appropriate for varying developmental states are added. Subtypes of gender identity disorder based on sexual orientation were deleted. [11]
June 2020 research out of Cedars-Sinai found that out of 210 transgender adults, 73% of transgender women and 78% of transgender men first experienced gender dysphoria by age 7.
Gender dysphoria is discomfort, unhappiness or distress due to the primary and secondary sex characteristics of one's sex assigned at birth. The current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-5, uses the term "gender dysphoria" where it previously referred to "gender identity disorder."
The names were changed in DSM-IV to "Gender Identity Disorder in Children", "Gender Identity Disorder in Adolescents or Adults", and "Gender Identity Disorder Not Otherwise Specified". The DSM-IV was published in 1994 and revised (DSM-IV-TR), in a minor way, in 2000. The French translation is edited by Masson.
According to the DSM-5, gender dysphoria in those assigned male at birth tends to follow one of two broad trajectories: early-onset or late-onset. Early-onset gender dysphoria is behaviorally visible in childhood.