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The larvae then pass through the stomach a second time into the intestine, where they become adult worms. [2] It is a type of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and part of a group of diseases called helminthiases. [6] Prevention is by improved sanitation, which includes improving access to toilets and proper disposal of feces.
Intestinal parasites produce a variety of symptoms in those affected, most of which manifest themselves in gastrointestinal complications and general weakness. [1] Gastrointestinal conditions include inflammation of the small and/or large intestine , diarrhea / dysentery , abdominal pains , and nausea / vomiting .
The signs and symptoms of helminthiasis depend on a number of factors including: the site of the infestation within the body; the type of worm involved; the number of worms and their volume; the type of damage the infesting worms cause; and, the immunological response of the body. Where the burden of parasites in the body is light, there may be ...
Main article: Human parasite Endoparasites Protozoan organisms Common name of organism or disease Latin name (sorted) Body parts affected Diagnostic specimen Prevalence Source/Transmission (Reservoir/Vector) Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis (eye infection) Acanthamoeba spp. eye, brain, skin culture worldwide contact lenses cleaned with contaminated tap water ...
Once in the trachea, the worms are coughed up into the pharynx and then swallowed again, after which they pass through the stomach and into the small intestine, where they mature into adult worms. [5] [7] The adult worms begin producing fertilized eggs within 60–65 days of being swallowed; [7] females produce as many as 200,000 eggs per day ...
These worms are caught through contact with food or water that has been infected by soil contaminated with worm eggs and infections cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms, malnutrition and anaemia.
Adult worms can only reproduce for a limited time because the immune system eventually expels them from the small intestine. [12] The larvae then use their piercing mouthpart, called the "stylet", to pass through the intestinal mucosa and enter the lymphatic vessels , and then enter the bloodstream .
The migration of adult worms in the intestinal epithelium can cause traumatic damage to the host tissue, and the waste products they excrete can provoke an immunological reaction. [2] The resulting inflammation can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, sweating, and diarrhea.