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Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign tumor of the liver. [2] FNH is found in 0.2%– 0.3% of adults worldwide. [2] FNH is more common in females (10:1 female to male ratio) except in Japan and China, in which there is a more equal prevalence of cases between females and males. [2]
Benign liver tumors generally develop on normal or fatty liver, are single or multiple (generally paucilocular), have distinct delineation, with increased echogenity (hemangiomas, benign focal nodular hyperplasia) or absent, with posterior acoustic enhancement effect (cysts), have distinct delineation (hydatid cyst), lack of vascularization or show a characteristic circulatory pattern ...
Focal nodular hyperplasia's most recognizable gross feature is a central stellate scar seen in 60–70% of cases. Microscopically, a lobular proliferation of bland-appearing hepatocytes with a bile ductular proliferation and malformed vessels within the fibrous scar is the most common pattern.
[3] [4] The significance of making a specific diagnosis is that, unlike other benign liver tumors such as hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic adenomas have a small but meaningful risk of progressing into a malignancy. [3]
Nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) is a rare liver disease, characterised by the growth of nodules within the liver, resulting in liver hyperplasia.While in many cases it is asymptomatic and thus goes undetected – or is only discovered incidentally while investigating some other medical condition – in some people it results in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH).
Hepatomegaly is enlargement of the liver. [4] It is a non-specific medical sign, having many causes, which can broadly be broken down into infection, hepatic tumours, and metabolic disorder.
Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common site for internal organ damage. Hepatic hemangiomas may be difficult to identify, because it can be inaccurately diagnosed as a hyper-vascular malignancy. These malignancies can live alongside other liver tumors such as hepatic cysts, hepatic angiosarcoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and a myriad of others.
This includes mostly drug-induced hepatotoxicity, (DILI) which may generate many different patterns over liver disease, including . cholestasis; necrosis; acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of different forms,