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The first known instances of "hillbilly" in print were in The Railroad Trainmen's Journal (vol. ix, July 1892), [2] an 1899 photograph of men and women in West Virginia labeled "Camp Hillbilly", [3] and a 1900 New York Journal article containing the definition: "a Hill-Billie is a free and untrammeled white citizen of Alabama, who lives in the ...
Hillbilly: A cultural history of an American icon (2003). Huber, Patrick. "A short history of Redneck: The fashioning of a southern white masculine identity." Southern Cultures 1#2 (1995): 145–166. online; Jarosz, Lucy, and Victoria Lawson. "'Sophisticated people versus rednecks': Economic restructuring and class difference in America's West."
Derogatory language against Appalachians includes the terms "Redneck" and "Hillbilly." These terms often come up in comedic use, stereotyped as the role of the "hillbilly fool". [19] The term "Hillbilly" was first coined in 1899, around the time coal industries made an appearance in the Appalachian communities. [20]
Read more:Trump picks Ohio Sen. J.D. Vance, 'Hillbilly Elegy' author, as running mate My parents’ generation found blue-collar jobs, bought homes and are now retired and enjoying the fruits of ...
The Hillbilly Highway was a parallel to the better-known Great Migration of African-Americans from the south. Many of these Appalachian migrants went to major industrial centers such as Detroit , Chicago , [ 2 ] Cleveland , [ 3 ] Cincinnati , Pittsburgh , Baltimore , Washington, D.C. , Milwaukee , Toledo , and Muncie , [ 4 ] while others ...
A 2009 study published in Deviant Behavior by sociologists Matthew R. Lee, Shaun A. Thomas, and Graham C. Ousey examined and extended the Cracker Culture/ Black Redneck thesis and found that, "When counties are divided into south and non-south sub-samples, the results are also consistent: a cracker=black redneck culture effect is evident for ...
The stereotype, which is frequently characterized by a lazy, rural, poor, banjo-playing, racist, cousin-marrying hick is commonly applied to Arkansas and its residents [citation needed]. Arkansas's hillbilly reputation, and its citizen's defensiveness on the subject, are a very important piece of Arkansas' culture.
Between 1940 and 1970, approximately 3.2 million Appalachian and Southern migrants settled in the Midwest, particularly in large cities such as Detroit and Chicago. [1] This massive influx of rural Appalachian people into Northern and Midwestern cities has been called the " Hillbilly Highway ".