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In flat fading, the coherence bandwidth of the channel is larger than the bandwidth of the signal. Therefore, all frequency components of the signal will experience the same magnitude of fading. In frequency-selective fading, the coherence bandwidth of the channel is smaller than the bandwidth of the signal. Different frequency components of ...
Frequency diversity: The signal is transmitted using several frequency channels or spread over a wide spectrum that is affected by frequency-selective fading. Later examples include: Later examples include:
Transmit diversity is the use of multiple transmit antennas to achieve reliability in radio communication. [1] It involves using signals that originate from two or more independent sources that have been modulated with identical information-bearing signals and that may vary in their transmission characteristics at any given instant.
Frequency-selective surfaces are frequently stratified in the direction normal to the plane of the surface. That is, all dielectrics are stratified and all metallic conductors are considered stratified as well, and they will be regarded as perfectly planar.
Coherence bandwidth is a statistical measurement of the range of frequencies over which the channel can be considered "flat", [1]: 7 or in other words the approximate maximum bandwidth or frequency interval over which two frequencies of a signal are likely to experience comparable or correlated amplitude fading.
Each modulator has its own frequency sub-channel and sub-carrier frequency. Since each modulator is very slow, one can afford to insert a guard interval between the symbols, and thus eliminate the ISI. Although the fading is frequency-selective over the whole frequency channel, it can be considered as flat within the narrowband sub-channel ...
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For example, the channel capacity for slow-fading channel is C = log 2 (1 + h 2 SNR), where h is the fading coefficient and SNR is a signal to noise ratio without fading. As C is random, no constant rate is available. There may be a chance that information rate may go below to required threshold level.