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Arctic vegetation is largely controlled by the mean temperature in July, the warmest month. Arctic vegetation occurs in the tundra climate, where trees cannot grow.Tundra climate has two boundaries: the snow line, where permanent year-round snow and ice are on the ground, and the tree line, where the climate becomes warm enough for trees to grow. [7]
The establishment of a new cushion plant on a windy slope, or freshly exposed Arctic tundra is not a common event. The established plants may be hundreds of years old, although they extend only a few inches above the surface. The plants are spreading and are wider than they are tall, but they are not extensive above the ground.
Silene acaulis, known as moss campion [2] or cushion pink, is a small wildflower that is common all over the high arctic and tundra and in high mountains of Eurasia and North America (Alps, Carpathians, southern Siberia, Pyrenees, British Isles, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Rocky Mountains).
Glory-of-the-Snow is an alpine plant that preforms its flowers in the previous season so that it can flower as soon as the snow starts to melt in spring. Some plants flower immediately after snow melting or soil thawing. These early flowering plants always form their flowers in the previous season, called preformation.
Silene stenophylla grows in the Arctic tundra of far eastern Siberia and the mountains of northern Japan. [3] It is typically 5–25 cm (2–10 in) tall, has narrow leaves, and a large calyx. [4] It blooms during the summer and has incised petals that are lilac, light pink, or white in color. [3]
Dryas is a genus of perennial cushion-forming evergreen dwarf shrubs in the family Rosaceae, native to the arctic and alpine regions of Europe, Asia and North America. The genus is named after the dryads, the tree nymphs of ancient Greek mythology.
The Structure and Biology of Arctic Flowering Plants is a classical scientific work on morphology and anatomy in relation to the harsh arctic environment. It was initiated by Eugenius Warming and conducted by himself and a suite of students and colleagues at the University of Copenhagen .
Dryas octopetala, the mountain avens, [2] eightpetal mountain-avens, white dryas or white dryad, [3] is an Arctic–alpine flowering plant in the family Rosaceae.It is a small prostrate evergreen subshrub forming large colonies.