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Lidar (/ ˈ l aɪ d ɑːr /, also LIDAR, LiDAR or LADAR, an acronym of "light detection and ranging" [1] or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging" [2]) is a method for determining ranges by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver.
In particular, supposing that the emitting radiation is at a frequency f 0 =c/λ 0, where λ 0 is the wavelength of the laser beam, for a moving target (i.e., aerosol particle or molecule) with a relative line-of-sight velocity v, the backscattered light detected by the lidar receiver has a frequency shift equal to Δf=2v/c.
Once demonstrated in use at LLNL in 1987, room temperature 4 level lasing in 147 Pm doped into a lead-indium-phosphate glass étalon. Chromium-doped chrysoberyl (alexandrite) laser Typically tuned in the range of 700 to 820 nm Flashlamp, laser diode, mercury arc (for CW mode operation) Dermatological uses, LIDAR, laser machining.
The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) is a large-scale physics experiment and observatory designed to detect cosmic gravitational waves and to develop gravitational-wave observations as an astronomical tool. [ 1 ] Two large observatories were built in the United States with the aim of detecting gravitational waves by ...
A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon that damages its target with highly focused energy without a solid projectile, including lasers, microwaves, particle beams, and sound beams. Potential applications of this technology include weapons that target personnel, missiles, vehicles, and optical devices. [1][2]
A gravitational-wave detector (used in a gravitational-wave observatory) is any device designed to measure tiny distortions of spacetime called gravitational waves. Since the 1960s, various kinds of gravitational-wave detectors have been built and constantly improved. The present-day generation of laser interferometers has reached the necessary ...
planned. Cosmic Vision. ← ATHENA. The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a planned space probe to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves [2] —tiny ripples in the fabric of spacetime —from astronomical sources. [3] LISA will be the first dedicated space-based gravitational-wave observatory.
The vertical range of sodars is approximately 0.2 to 2 kilometers (km) and is a function of frequency, power output, atmospheric stability, turbulence, and, most importantly, the noise environment in which a sodar is operated. Operating frequencies range from less than 1000 Hz to over 4000 Hz, with power levels up to several hundred watts.