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Death anxiety can mean fear of death, fear of dying, fear of being alone, fear of the dying process, etc. [29] Different people experience these fears in differing ways. There continues to be confusion on whether death anxiety is a fear of death itself or a fear of the process of dying. [30]
Erik Erikson and Carl Jung proposed stage theories [2] [3] of human development that encompass the entire life span, and emphasized the potential for positive change very late in life. The concept of adulthood has legal and socio-cultural definitions. The legal definition [4] of an adult is a person who is fully grown or developed.
For example, male mice that participated in voluntary physical exercise resulted in offspring that had reduced fear memory and anxiety-like behavior in response to stress. This behavioral change likely occurred due to expressions of small non-coding RNAs that were altered in sperm cells of the fathers.
A midlife crisis is a transition of identity and self-confidence that can occur in middle-aged individuals, typically 45 to 64 years old. [1] [2] [3] The phenomenon is described as a psychological crisis brought about by events that highlight a person's growing age, inevitable mortality, and possible lack of accomplishments in life.
Stage-crisis view is a theory of adult development that was established by Daniel Levinson. [1] [2] Although largely influenced by the work of Erik Erikson, [3] Levinson sought to create a broader theory that would encompass all aspects of adult development as opposed to just the psychosocial.
Specific phobia is an anxiety disorder, characterized by an extreme, unreasonable, and irrational fear associated with a specific object, situation, or concept which poses little or no actual danger. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Specific phobia can lead to avoidance of the object or situation, persistence of the fear, and significant distress or problems ...
In popular psychology, a quarter-life crisis is an existential crisis involving anxiety and sorrow over the direction and quality of one's life which is most commonly experienced in a period ranging from a person's early twenties up to their mid-thirties, [1] [2] although it can begin as early as eighteen. [3]
Anxiety disorders differ from developmentally normal fear or anxiety by being excessive or persisting beyond developmentally appropriate periods. They differ from transient fear or anxiety, often stress-induced, by being persistent (e.g., typically lasting 6 months or more), although the criterion for duration is intended as a general guide ...