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Build–operate–transfer (BOT) or build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT) is a form of project delivery method, usually for large-scale infrastructure projects, wherein a private entity receives a concession from the public sector (or the private sector on rare occasions) to finance, design, construct, own, and operate a facility stated in the concession contract.
Design–build–finance–operate-maintain (DBFOM) [10] [11] also referred to as Design–build–finance–maintain-operate (DBFMO) [12] [13] is a project delivery method very similar to BOOT except that there is no actual ownership transfer. Moreover, the contractor assumes the risk of financing until the end of the contract period.
Build–operate–transfer (BOT) Build–operate–transfer represents a complete integration of the project delivery: the same contract governs the design, construction, operations, maintenance, and financing of the project. After some concessionary period, the facility is transferred back to the owner. Build–own–operate–transfer (BOOT)
Taking the communication perspective confers something like "communication literacy"—the ability to inscribe and read the complex process of communication in real-time. Among other things, CMM's concepts and models guide practitioners in helping clients become aware of the patterns of communication which make up aspects of the social world.
Communication theories vary substantially in their epistemology, and articulating this philosophical commitment is part of the theorizing process. [1] Although the various epistemic positions used in communication theories can vary, one categorization scheme distinguishes among interpretive empirical, metric empirical or post-positivist, rhetorical, and critical epistemologies. [13]
Many models of communication include the idea that a sender encodes a message and uses a channel to transmit it to a receiver. Noise may distort the message along the way. The receiver then decodes the message and gives some form of feedback. [1] Models of communication simplify or represent the process of communication.
Parents Are Shaping Baby Names to Suit Their Needs. Nameberry invented a term for these made-for-the-moment names: fast fashion names. "Fast Fashion names are modeled on the genuine articles but ...
The model of communication as constitutive of organizations has origins in the linguistic approach to organizational communication taken in the 1980s. [4] Theorists such as Karl E. Weick [5] were among the first to posit that organizations were not static but inherently comprised by a dynamic process of communicating.