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  2. First-order hold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_hold

    First-order hold (FOH) is a mathematical model of the practical reconstruction of sampled signals that could be done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and an analog circuit called an integrator. For FOH, the signal is reconstructed as a piecewise linear approximation to the original signal that was sampled.

  3. Bilinear transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear_transform

    The bilinear transform is a first-order Padé approximant of the natural logarithm function that is an exact mapping of the z-plane to the s-plane.When the Laplace transform is performed on a discrete-time signal (with each element of the discrete-time sequence attached to a correspondingly delayed unit impulse), the result is precisely the Z transform of the discrete-time sequence with the ...

  4. Sample and hold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_and_hold

    In electronics, a sample and hold (also known as sample and follow) circuit is an analog device that samples (captures, takes) the voltage of a continuously varying analog signal and holds (locks, freezes) its value at a constant level for a specified minimum period of time.

  5. Zero-order hold - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-order_hold

    The zero-order hold (ZOH) is a mathematical model of the practical signal reconstruction done by a conventional digital-to-analog converter (DAC). [1] That is, it describes the effect of converting a discrete-time signal to a continuous-time signal by holding each sample value for one sample interval. It has several applications in electrical ...

  6. Simulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation

    Human-in-the-loop simulation of outer space Visualization of a direct numerical simulation model. Historically, simulations used in different fields developed largely independently, but 20th-century studies of systems theory and cybernetics combined with spreading use of computers across all those fields have led to some unification and a more systematic view of the concept.

  7. Simulink - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulink

    Simulink is a MATLAB-based graphical programming environment for modeling, simulating and analyzing multidomain dynamical systems. Its primary interface is a graphical block diagramming tool and a customizable set of block libraries .

  8. Digital filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_filter

    A general finite impulse response filter with n stages, each with an independent delay, d i, and amplification gain, a i.. In signal processing, a digital filter is a system that performs mathematical operations on a sampled, discrete-time signal to reduce or enhance certain aspects of that signal.

  9. Settling time - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Settling_time

    The settling time for a second order, underdamped system responding to a step response can be approximated if the damping ratio by = ⁡ () A general form is T s = − ln ⁡ ( tolerance fraction × 1 − ζ 2 ) damping ratio × natural freq {\displaystyle T_{s}=-{\frac {\ln({\text{tolerance fraction}}\times {\sqrt {1-\zeta ^{2}}})}{{\text ...