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A lung nodule or pulmonary nodule is a relatively small focal density in the lung. A solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) or coin lesion, [1] is a mass in the lung smaller than three centimeters in diameter. A pulmonary micronodule has a diameter of less than three millimetres. [2] There may also be multiple nodules.
For lung nodules, air bronchograms used to be associated with infectious causes of consolidation and, therefore to be benign. However, in the setting of a lung nodule, an air bronchogram is actually more frequent in malignant than in benign nodules. [1] [4] studied the tumour-bronchus relationship and described five types: [1]
Complications are not common but include infection, lung abscess, and bronchopleural fistula (a fistula between the pleural space and the bronchial tree). [4] A bronchopleural fistula results when there is a communication between the laceration, a bronchiole, and the pleura; it can cause air to leak into the pleural space despite the placement of a chest tube. [4]
A lung nodule is a discrete opacity in the lung which may be caused by: Neoplasm: benign or malignant; Granuloma: tuberculosis; Infection: round pneumonia; Vascular: infarct, varix, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, rheumatoid arthritis; There are a number of features that are helpful in suggesting the diagnosis: rate of growth
Pulmonary tuberculomas are among the most common benign nodules, with 5%-24% of all resected nodules being of tuberculous origin. [21] In areas of lower prevalence, such as the United States, they are most commonly seen in the setting of an acquired immunodeficiency . [ 23 ]
The nodules in the lung typically occur bilaterally and peripherally, on a background of simple coal workers' pneumoconiosis. There are usually multiple nodules, varying in size from 0.5 to 5.0 cm. The nodules typically appear rapidly, often in only a few weeks. Nodules may grow, remain unchanged in size, resolve, or disappear and then reappear.
The day my cancer was big enough to feel, it still did not show up on a mammogram." Dense breasts are not something you can see or feel, explains Bonnie Litvack, MD, diagnostic radiologist at ...
Parenchymal hamartoma of the lung. The surrounding lung falls away from the well-circumscribed mass, a typical feature of these lesions. The hamartoma shows a variegated yellow and white appearance, which corresponds respectively to fat and cartilage. About 5–8% of all solitary lung nodules and about 75% of all benign lung tumors, are ...