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The mean response rate for new cancer drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, expressed as relative risk, ranges between 1.38x [3] and 2.37x. [ 4 ] See also
Cancer slope factors (CSF) are used to estimate the risk of cancer associated with exposure to a carcinogenic or potentially carcinogenic substance. A slope factor is an upper bound, approximating a 95% confidence limit , on the increased cancer risk from a lifetime exposure to an agent by ingestion or inhalation .
Underlying the risk models is a large body of epidemiological and radiobiological data. In general, results from both lines of research are consistent with a linear, no-threshold dose (LNT) response model in which the risk of inducing a cancer in an irradiated tissue by low doses of radiation is proportional to the dose to that tissue
Time is indicated by the variable "time", which is the survival or censoring time; Event (recurrence of aml cancer) is indicated by the variable "status". 0 = no event (censored), 1 = event (recurrence) Treatment group: the variable "x" indicates if maintenance chemotherapy was given; The last observation (11), at 161 weeks, is censored.
Alternative assumptions for the extrapolation of the cancer risk vs. radiation dose to low-dose levels, given a known risk at a high dose: supra-linearity (A), linear (B), linear-quadratic (C) and hormesis (D). The linear dose-response model suggests that any increase in dose, no matter how small, results in an incremental increase in risk.
Further, the report states that alcohol consumption leads to 100,000 cancer cases and 20,000 cancer-related deaths in the U.S. each year, making it the third leading preventable cause of cancer ...
The advisory notes that alcohol can increase the risk of throat, liver, esophageal, mouth, larynx (voice box), colon and rectal cancers, making it the "third leading preventable cause of cancer ...
Progression-free survival (PFS) is "the length of time during and after the treatment of a disease, such as cancer, that a patient lives with the disease but it does not get worse". [1] In oncology, PFS usually refers to situations in which a tumor is present, as demonstrated by laboratory testing, radiologic testing, or clinically. Similarly ...