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The Austrian Empire was the main beneficiary from the Congress of Vienna and it established an alliance with Britain, Prussia, and Russia forming the Quadruple Alliance. [8] The Austrian Empire also gained new territories from the Congress of Vienna, and its influence expanded to the north through the German Confederation and also into Italy. [8]
The history of Austria covers the history of Austria and its predecessor states. In the late Iron Age Austria was occupied by people of the Hallstatt Celtic culture (c. 800 BC), they first organized as a Celtic kingdom referred to by the Romans as Noricum, dating from c. 800 to 400 BC.
England, the Holy Roman Empire and the Dutch Republic signed the Treaty of The Hague, reestablishing the Grand Alliance and setting out their primary goals: the establishment of Austrian control over Spanish territories in Italy and the Spanish Netherlands and Dutch and English access to markets in the Spanish Empire.
The Habsburg monarchy, [i] also known as Habsburg Empire, or Habsburg Realm, [j] was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities that were ruled by the House of Habsburg. From the 18th century it is also referred to as the Austrian monarchy (Latin: Monarchia Austriaca) or the Danubian monarchy. [k] [2]
Austria-Hungary, [c] also referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Dual Monarchy or the Habsburg Monarchy, was a multi-national constitutional monarchy in Central Europe [d] between 1867 and 1918.
The March of Austria, also known as Marcha Orientalis, was first formed in 976 out of the lands that had once been the March of Pannonia in Carolingian times. The oldest attestation dates back to 996, where the written name "ostarrichi" occurs in a document transferring land in present-day Austria to a Bavarian monastery.
The Austrian Empire divided the former territories of the Commonwealth it obtained into: Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria – from 1772 to 1918. West Galicia – from 1795 to 1809; Free City of Kraków – from 1815 to 1846; Two important and major cities of the Austrian partition were Kraków (German: Krakau) and Lwów (German: Lemberg).
The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 created a real union, whereby the Kingdom of Hungary was granted co-equality with the Empire of Austria, that henceforth didn't include the Kingdom of Hungary as a crownland anymore. The Austrian and the Hungarian lands became independent entities enjoying equal status. [31]