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For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). Rice plant (Oryza sativa) with branched panicles containing many grains on each stem Rice grains of different varieties at the International Rice Research Institute Rice is a cereal grain and in its domesticated form is the staple food of over half of the world's population, particularly in Asia and Africa. Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza ...
Rice was introduced into the southern states of Louisiana and east Texas in the mid-19th century. [12] Meanwhile, soil fertility in the east fell, especially for inland rice. [6] Emancipation in 1863 freed rice workers. East-coast rice farming required hard, skilled work under extremely unhealthy conditions, and without slave labour, profits fell.
The term “upland rice” refers to rice cultivated in non-flooded conditions, and it can encompass various specific definitions. While most of the world's rice is grown in paddy fields or wet environments that require significant amount of water, rice itself does not inherently need flooding to thrive.
Most cereals need regular water in the early part of their life cycle. Rice is commonly grown in flooded fields, [29] though some strains are grown on dry land. [30] Other warm climate cereals, such as sorghum, are adapted to arid conditions. [31] Cool-season cereals are grown mainly in temperate zones.
Rice production is important to the food supply, with rice being a staple part of the Japanese diet. Japan is the ninth largest producer of rice in the world. [1] The rice seasons in Northern Japan last from May–June to September–October. In central Japan, it is from April–May to August–October.
Rice is considered as the master crop of coastal India and in some regions of eastern India, where during the summer and monsoon seasons, both high temperature and heavy rainfall provide ideal conditions for the cultivation of rice. Almost all parts of India are suitable for raising rice during the summer season provided that water is available.
Banaue Rice Terraces of Luzon, Philippines, carved into steep mountainsides Taro fields (loʻi) in Hanalei Valley, Kaua'i, Hawaii Paddy field placed under the valley of Madiun, Indonesia Farmers planting rice in Cambodia. A paddy field is a flooded field of arable land used for growing semiaquatic crops, most notably rice and taro.
The principal rice growing season, known as "Berna-Bue Charne", is from June to July when water is sufficient for only a part of the fields; the subsidiary season, known as "Ropai" is from April to September, when there is usually enough water to sustain the cultivation of all rice fields.