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The Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP) was a military training program instituted by the United States Army during World War II to meet wartime demands both for junior officers and soldiers with technical skills. Conducted at 227 American universities, it offered training in such fields as engineering, foreign languages, and medicine.
The Army Reserve Officer Training Corps (AROTC) is the United States Army component of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps.It is the largest Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) program which is a group of college and university-based officer training programs for training commissioned officers for the United States Army and its reserves components: the Army Reserves and the Army National Guard.
Students at these academies are organized as cadets, and graduate with appropriate licenses from the U.S. Coast Guard and/or the U.S. Merchant Marine.While not immediately offered a commission as an officer within a service, cadets do have the opportunity to participate in commissioning programs like the Strategic Sealift Officer Program (Navy) and Maritime Academy Graduate (Coast Guard).
There are requirements that allow basic qualification for entrance into OCS for the Army Reserve and Army National Guard. The Army Regulation (AR) that governs OCS is AR 350–51. Candidates must have at least 90 credits from an accredited college, approval from the state RTI board, and falling in the age range of 18 to 41 years. [32]
In the case of the non–military Merchant Marine Academy, midshipmen may elect to receive an active duty or reserves commission in any branch of the uniformed services, including NOAA and the United States Public Health Service, most are commissioned into the Navy Reserve, Strategic Sealift Officer Force. Students at the Military Academy, the ...
In addition to the accomplishments of its graduates in civilian endeavors, VMI is the only military college in the United States to graduate the highest ranking four-star generals across three services: Two Marine Corps Commandants, Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr. and Randolph M. Pate, and Chiefs of Staff of the Army, George C. Marshall and the Air ...
The program is a major financial incentive for students who could receive their commissions early and serve as officers while still attending college. In 1984, the California Guard received 95% (74 out of 78) of its ROTC lieutenants from the ECP program. The Army Reserve had a similar experience. [5]
As the war progressed, the attrition of combat, the 12-month tour limit in Vietnam, separations of senior noncommissioned officers and the 25-month stateside stabilization policy began to take a toll on the enlisted force to the point of crisis. Without a call up of the reserve forces, Vietnam became the Regular Army's war, fought by junior ...