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Ytterbium is a chemical element; it has symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is a metal, the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. Like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, as in its oxide, halides, and other compounds.
Naturally occurring ytterbium (70 Yb) is composed of seven stable isotopes: [n 1] 168 Yb, 170 Yb– 174 Yb, and 176 Yb, with 174 Yb being the most abundant (31.83% natural abundance). 30 radioisotopes have been characterized, with the most stable being 169 Yb with a half-life of 32.014 days, 175 Yb with a half-life of 4.185 days, and 166 Yb with a half-life of 56.7 hours.
A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z). [ 1 ] The definitive visualisation of all 118 elements is the periodic table of the elements , whose history along the principles of the periodic law was one of the founding ...
The electronic configuration of most neutral gas-phase lanthanide atoms is [Xe]6s 2 4f n, where n is 56 less than the atomic number Z. Exceptions are La, Ce, Gd, and Lu, which have 4f n −1 5d 1 (though even then 4f n is a low-lying excited state for La, Ce, and Gd; for Lu, the 4f shell is already full, and the fifteenth electron has no choice ...
Germanium (32 Ge) has five naturally occurring isotopes, 70 Ge, 72 Ge, 73 Ge, 74 Ge, and 76 Ge. Of these, 76 Ge is very slightly radioactive, decaying by double beta decay with a half-life of 1.78 × 10 21 years [4] (130 billion times the age of the universe). Stable 74 Ge is the most common isotope, having a natural abundance of approximately 36%.
70 Ytterbium: List: 144 Yb 145 Yb 146 Yb 147 Yb 148 Yb 149 Yb 150 Yb 151 Yb 152 Yb 153 Yb 154 Yb 155 Yb 156 Yb 157 Yb 158 Yb 159 Yb 160 Yb 161 Yb 162 Yb 163 Yb 164 Yb 165 Yb 166 Yb 167 Yb 168 Yb 169 Yb 170 Yb
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The first table is for even-atomic numbered elements, which tend to have far more primordial nuclides, due to the stability conferred by proton-proton pairing. A second separate table is given for odd-atomic numbered elements, which tend to have far fewer stable and long-lived (primordial) unstable nuclides. [citation needed]