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Their business is predominantly wholesale banking, partly to serve local savings banks (German: Sparkassen). With a few exceptions, Landesbanken and Sparkassen are chartered by national and state banking laws to pursue a public purpose (German: öffentlicher Auftrag). [3] As of late 2022, they are:
The Riegle–Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 [1] [2] (IBBEA) amended the laws governing federally chartered banks in order to restore the laws' competitiveness with the recently relaxed laws governing state-chartered banks. The goal was the return to a balance between the benefits of a state bank charter versus a ...
The German public banking sector (German: Öffentliches Kreditwesen) represents a significant share of the broader banking sector in Germany. Unlike in most other Western and Central European countries, German public-sector banks have been present since the early phases of formalization of banking entities in the early modern period and have ...
The European Banking Authority has published some mandatory guidelines on how the O-SIIs shall be identified in each EEA Member State, which will take effect on 1 January 2015. [33] All identified SIBs in the list below are subject to the new elevated capital ratio requirements, which can be introduced immediately (as in Sweden) or phased in ...
Compliance with bank regulations is verified by personnel known as bank examiners. The objectives of bank regulation, and the emphasis, vary between jurisdictions. The most common objectives are: prudential—to reduce the level of risk to which bank creditors are exposed (i.e. to protect depositors) [7]
international banking licenses (offshore banking licenses), which prohibits any local business activities; non-banking financial institution is an institution that provides financial services but has to comply with fewer regulations than one with a full banking license. [1]
Bank of Communications, Frankfurt; Bank Sepah, Frankfurt; Citibank Privatkunden, Düsseldorf (since December 2008 part of French Crédit Mutuel bank); Citigroup Global Markets Deutschland (Corporate Bank), Frankfurt
Banking in Germany is a highly leveraged industry, as its average leverage ratio (assets divided by net worth) as of 11 October 2008 is 52 to 1 (while, in comparison, that of France is 28 to 1 and that of the United Kingdom is 24 to 1); its short-term liabilities are equal to 60% of the German GDP or 167% of its national debt.